<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?><rss xmlns:atom='http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom' xmlns:openSearch='http://a9.com/-/spec/opensearchrss/1.0/' xmlns:georss='http://www.georss.org/georss' xmlns:thr='http://purl.org/syndication/thread/1.0' version='2.0'><channel><atom:id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3099756255229980167</atom:id><lastBuildDate>Fri, 30 Apr 2010 16:26:37 +0000</lastBuildDate><title>Emerge in the Field</title><description></description><link>http://emergeglobal.org/fieldblog/</link><managingEditor>noreply@blogger.com (Rachael Pool)</managingEditor><generator>Blogger</generator><openSearch:totalResults>79</openSearch:totalResults><openSearch:startIndex>1</openSearch:startIndex><openSearch:itemsPerPage>25</openSearch:itemsPerPage><item><guid isPermaLink='false'>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3099756255229980167.post-8234382296055478151</guid><pubDate>Fri, 30 Apr 2010 16:26:00 +0000</pubDate><atom:updated>2010-04-30T09:26:37.840-07:00</atom:updated><title>This blog has moved</title><atom:summary type='text'>       This blog is now located at http://emergelanka.blogspot.com/.       You will be automatically redirected in 30 seconds, or you may click here.       For feed subscribers, please update your feed subscriptions to       http://emergelanka.blogspot.com/feeds/posts/default.  </atom:summary><link>http://emergeglobal.org/fieldblog/2010/04/this-blog-has-moved.html</link><author>noreply@blogger.com (Alia)</author><thr:total>0</thr:total></item><item><guid isPermaLink='false'>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3099756255229980167.post-3205602045380156217</guid><pubDate>Fri, 30 Apr 2010 11:09:00 +0000</pubDate><atom:updated>2010-04-30T04:19:23.259-07:00</atom:updated><title>Emerge in Malaysia</title><atom:summary type='text'>Rachael and I (Jennifer) got back a couple of weeks ago from a very productive trip to Malaysia.  We made contact with a long-term Emerge supporter who was able to help us find several potential sources for high-quality glass beads. There were several stores, with all of our favorite bead styles and colors, and even better, the price was much lower than we've paid in the past.  This is a great </atom:summary><link>http://emergeglobal.org/fieldblog/2010/04/emerge-in-malaysia.html</link><author>noreply@blogger.com (jennifer)</author><thr:total>0</thr:total></item><item><guid isPermaLink='false'>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3099756255229980167.post-4447167143759298874</guid><pubDate>Fri, 02 Apr 2010 16:05:00 +0000</pubDate><atom:updated>2010-04-23T02:29:02.537-07:00</atom:updated><category domain='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#'>Emerge Team</category><category domain='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#'>SR</category><category domain='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#'>Panadura</category><title>Post From a Past-Program Particpant</title><atom:summary type='text'>SR is a past bead program participant who now assists at our workshops in Panadura. What follows is her first blog post about her experiences at the Panadura bead workshop: I am an Emerge past bead program participant who has followed the program for the past 2 years since I left the shelter few months ago I have the privilege of teaching some of the girls who are following the bead program in </atom:summary><link>http://emergeglobal.org/fieldblog/2010/04/post-from-ex-program-particpant.html</link><author>noreply@blogger.com (Rachael Pool)</author><thr:total>0</thr:total></item><item><guid isPermaLink='false'>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3099756255229980167.post-4757740311077951838</guid><pubDate>Fri, 02 Apr 2010 15:47:00 +0000</pubDate><atom:updated>2010-04-02T09:03:16.628-07:00</atom:updated><category domain='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#'>culture</category><category domain='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#'>Emerge Team</category><category domain='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#'>Sri Lanka</category><title>A Note From Emerge Lanka's Recent Short Term Volunteer</title><atom:summary type='text'>The following blog was written by Frank Vargas, a recent short term volunteer for Emerge Lanka: “Calm down,” said Rachael, the Emerge Country Director, laughing at my pallid expression as our taxi careened down a dimly lit road, “Things work differently here, but it’s ok.”  I spent the hour-long drive from Colombo International Airport to the Emerge Apartment with my hands firmly gripping the </atom:summary><link>http://emergeglobal.org/fieldblog/2010/04/note-from-emerge-lankas-recent-short.html</link><author>noreply@blogger.com (Rachael Pool)</author><thr:total>0</thr:total></item><item><guid isPermaLink='false'>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3099756255229980167.post-5339782342537870591</guid><pubDate>Thu, 01 Apr 2010 05:19:00 +0000</pubDate><atom:updated>2010-03-31T22:24:55.593-07:00</atom:updated><title></title><atom:summary type='text'>I just wanted to share one of our many, little, victories. It's the curriculum. In Sinhala. Finally! The girls get to see it on Monday.  Thanks to our translator and our wonderful typesetter!</atom:summary><link>http://emergeglobal.org/fieldblog/2010/03/i-just-wanted-to-share-one-of-our-many.html</link><author>noreply@blogger.com (jennifer)</author><thr:total>0</thr:total></item><item><guid isPermaLink='false'>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3099756255229980167.post-5054315408249884549</guid><pubDate>Tue, 30 Mar 2010 15:13:00 +0000</pubDate><atom:updated>2010-03-30T08:39:14.807-07:00</atom:updated><title>Chennai two.....</title><atom:summary type='text'>When March comes along ever year I get very excited…… this is the time I get to go to Chennai for my annual church retreat. Like last year, this year too, I received a gift of a free airline ticket. Even though I was offered cold hard cash to stay back by my daughter as 9 days without me was too stressful for her, who had to take care of dad, Fudge and Muffin. Of course the girls at the shelters </atom:summary><link>http://emergeglobal.org/fieldblog/2010/03/chennai-two.html</link><author>noreply@blogger.com (Nirukshi de Lanerolle)</author><thr:total>0</thr:total></item><item><guid isPermaLink='false'>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3099756255229980167.post-2121510928152157668</guid><pubDate>Fri, 12 Mar 2010 08:24:00 +0000</pubDate><atom:updated>2010-03-12T00:39:31.937-08:00</atom:updated><title>Before and After</title><atom:summary type='text'>We painted the home about a week ago, courtesy of a British donor.  For a modest amount of money the staff at Panadura were able to buy a truly amazing amount of paint.  The girls all chipped in and even Nirukshi and I got involved and the activity room was finished in only a couple hours.  I thought I'd share some pictures with you.  Unfortunately I had to crop out all the faces that were </atom:summary><link>http://emergeglobal.org/fieldblog/2010/03/before-and-after.html</link><author>noreply@blogger.com (jennifer)</author><thr:total>0</thr:total></item><item><guid isPermaLink='false'>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3099756255229980167.post-1884070023380920034</guid><pubDate>Mon, 08 Mar 2010 16:36:00 +0000</pubDate><atom:updated>2010-03-08T08:42:48.629-08:00</atom:updated><category domain='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#'>Emerge</category><category domain='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#'>Rachael</category><category domain='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#'>Bead Program</category><title>Over $21,000 in Savings Generated in 2009</title><atom:summary type='text'>We’ve finalized jewelry totals for 2009, and begun transferring funds into the girls’ bank accounts. I’ve got some exciting stats that I’d love to share with everyone today. In 2009 the Emerge girls made 2127 pieces of jewelry, generating $21,217.78 in savings for program participants! Our highest earner, RS, made nearly $1,900 USD.To give you a little context: $120 is the average monthly salary </atom:summary><link>http://emergeglobal.org/fieldblog/2010/03/over-21000-in-savings-generated-in-2009.html</link><author>noreply@blogger.com (Rachael Pool)</author><thr:total>0</thr:total></item><item><guid isPermaLink='false'>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3099756255229980167.post-7683024717777148686</guid><pubDate>Sat, 06 Mar 2010 17:11:00 +0000</pubDate><atom:updated>2010-03-06T09:33:49.768-08:00</atom:updated><title>Community Fund at Ma Sevena</title><atom:summary type='text'>Sometime ago, the girls decided that a certain percentage of their earnings from selling Emerge jewelry would go into a Community Fund that would benefit all the girls.  The idea came about when the girls expressed concerned that they didn’t have adequate sanitary pads at the home. If they were making money, why couldn’t they fix this problem?     We recently had our first Community Fund project,</atom:summary><link>http://emergeglobal.org/fieldblog/2010/03/community-fund-at-ma-sevena.html</link><author>noreply@blogger.com (Nirukshi de Lanerolle)</author><thr:total>0</thr:total></item><item><guid isPermaLink='false'>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3099756255229980167.post-1799924539532754748</guid><pubDate>Wed, 03 Mar 2010 10:04:00 +0000</pubDate><atom:updated>2010-03-03T02:26:26.948-08:00</atom:updated><title>Life Skills</title><atom:summary type='text'>It's been a big month in the homes. At Panadura the girls started the Money and Banking theme.  They had a lesson on the cost of living the first day.  We used a modified version of the price is right to teach them approximate costs of everyday household items.  They learned a lot too. By the end of the workshop they managed to cut their 'spending' by 60% to a more realistic monthly budget.  This</atom:summary><link>http://emergeglobal.org/fieldblog/2010/03/life-skills.html</link><author>noreply@blogger.com (jennifer)</author><thr:total>0</thr:total></item><item><guid isPermaLink='false'>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3099756255229980167.post-1656491103287665548</guid><pubDate>Tue, 09 Feb 2010 10:41:00 +0000</pubDate><atom:updated>2010-02-09T03:00:05.733-08:00</atom:updated><title>Sidi visits the girls at Panadura</title><atom:summary type='text'>Sidi, my nephew from the US, is one of the main donors who supported Chari, his brother in raising funds for the 2008 and 2009 Emerge holiday parities.     On his recent visit to Sri Lanka Sidi visited the shelters Emerge is working with. I was glad he was visiting so that he would understand the work we do.     First, he visited the girls in Moratuwa very briefly and later in the day the </atom:summary><link>http://emergeglobal.org/fieldblog/2010/02/sidi-visits-girls-at-panadura.html</link><author>noreply@blogger.com (Nirukshi de Lanerolle)</author><thr:total>0</thr:total></item><item><guid isPermaLink='false'>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3099756255229980167.post-7072460857088934421</guid><pubDate>Tue, 09 Feb 2010 05:46:00 +0000</pubDate><atom:updated>2010-02-08T22:28:53.586-08:00</atom:updated><title>Smooth Sailing</title><atom:summary type='text'>I was so proud of our girls this week.  We started work at Panadura in mid-November, introducing girls bit by bit to the program, starting with jewelry techniques, bringing in goals and planning, and finally setting up the full workshop structure for the girls to run.This was the first week when we had the girls run the shop independently and the bank and it was amazing to see how smoothly things</atom:summary><link>http://emergeglobal.org/fieldblog/2010/02/smooth-sailing.html</link><author>noreply@blogger.com (jennifer)</author><thr:total>0</thr:total></item><item><guid isPermaLink='false'>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3099756255229980167.post-540650582223731479</guid><pubDate>Mon, 01 Feb 2010 23:42:00 +0000</pubDate><atom:updated>2010-02-01T15:58:21.781-08:00</atom:updated><title>Volunteer this Summer in Sri Lanka</title><atom:summary type='text'>Emerge Global is currently recruiting highly motivated, creative, and passionate individuals to volunteer in Sri Lanka this summer! As a young organization, this is a great opportunity to shape our evolving work.If interested in a position described below, please send a cover letter, resume, and volunteer application form to: opportunities@emergeglobal.org by Friday, March 12th at 9pm EST.  &lt;!--</atom:summary><link>http://emergeglobal.org/fieldblog/2010/02/volunteer-this-summer-in-sri-lanka.html</link><author>noreply@blogger.com (Alia)</author><thr:total>0</thr:total></item><item><guid isPermaLink='false'>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3099756255229980167.post-6484100310444270520</guid><pubDate>Mon, 01 Feb 2010 22:14:00 +0000</pubDate><atom:updated>2010-02-01T14:18:43.101-08:00</atom:updated><category domain='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#'>Jennifer</category><category domain='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#'>Bead Program</category><category domain='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#'>Life Skills</category><title>Building Life Skills: Red Cross Joins Emerge Global to Teach Infant and Child CPR and First Aid</title><atom:summary type='text'>Three years ago, we witnessed a tragedy that could have, and should have been avoided. One of our program participant’s five-month-old baby passed away after choking in his sleep. Through the Emerge Bead Program, we want to make sure this never happens again.   This December, as a result of the initiative of our wonderful Programs Director, Jennifer, we collaborated with the Red Cross to host a </atom:summary><link>http://emergeglobal.org/fieldblog/2010/02/building-life-skills-red-cross-joins.html</link><author>noreply@blogger.com (Alia)</author><thr:total>0</thr:total></item><item><guid isPermaLink='false'>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3099756255229980167.post-5421596466241853172</guid><pubDate>Wed, 27 Jan 2010 13:23:00 +0000</pubDate><atom:updated>2010-01-27T05:25:01.677-08:00</atom:updated><title>Two Jenny's!</title><atom:summary type='text'>This month Emerge Lanka welcomed a new volunteer to the team.  Her name is Jenny McCombe and she’s brought a great amount of energy, experience, and adventure to the team.  It’s not every day that we have a volunteer from abroad who’s comfortable taking the bus by herself, eating scary fish curry with her fingers, and taking charge of a group of 15 teenage girls for an ‘immersion’ English lesson.</atom:summary><link>http://emergeglobal.org/fieldblog/2010/01/two-jennys.html</link><author>noreply@blogger.com (jennifer)</author><thr:total>0</thr:total></item><item><guid isPermaLink='false'>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3099756255229980167.post-2559301282660458826</guid><pubDate>Wed, 30 Dec 2009 08:45:00 +0000</pubDate><atom:updated>2009-12-30T05:58:25.916-08:00</atom:updated><category domain='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#'>Nirukshi</category><category domain='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#'>Sri Lanka</category><category domain='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#'>holiday party</category><title>Family and friends in the US support Emerge Global to spread the Holiday cheer with the girls</title><atom:summary type='text'>          &lt;!--[if gte mso 9]&gt;     Normal.dotm   0   0   1   108   619   Emerge Global   5   1   760   12.256          &lt;![endif]--&gt;&lt;!--[if gte mso 9]&gt;     0   false         18 pt   18 pt   0   0      false   false   false                         &lt;![endif]--&gt;&lt;!--[if gte mso 9]&gt;     &lt;![endif]--&gt;  &lt;!--  /* Style Definitions */ p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal 	{mso-style-parent:""; 	margin:</atom:summary><link>http://emergeglobal.org/fieldblog/2009/12/family-and-friends-in-us-support-emerge.html</link><author>noreply@blogger.com (Nirukshi de Lanerolle)</author><thr:total>0</thr:total></item><item><guid isPermaLink='false'>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3099756255229980167.post-7578765690127227810</guid><pubDate>Wed, 23 Dec 2009 13:19:00 +0000</pubDate><atom:updated>2009-12-23T05:44:07.937-08:00</atom:updated><title>Suba Natalak!</title><atom:summary type='text'>Where do I begin???This month has been incredibly eventful for the Emerge Lanka Foundation.  So many of our big plans are finally in action and it's been overwhelming and very rewarding.  The most obvious event of the month was moving Emerge Headquarters.  It's a bit of a saga, so I'll skip to the end and just say that we ended up in a place that is great for us. It gives us room to grow if we </atom:summary><link>http://emergeglobal.org/fieldblog/2009/12/suba-natalak.html</link><author>noreply@blogger.com (jennifer)</author><thr:total>1</thr:total></item><item><guid isPermaLink='false'>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3099756255229980167.post-5894646200210363373</guid><pubDate>Thu, 03 Dec 2009 05:16:00 +0000</pubDate><atom:updated>2009-12-02T21:39:59.614-08:00</atom:updated><title>The Girls at Panadura have an Awesome Salon day</title><atom:summary type='text'>Working with the girls at Panadura has been very rewarding to me, they are a bunch of energetic teens who want to learn something new everyday, they are bubbly and very enthusiastic which can be very overwhelming at times.       One evening when I was just about finishing the workshop I announced to them that Nayana, owner of  Nayana Salon had agreed to send her staff to teach them beauty tips </atom:summary><link>http://emergeglobal.org/fieldblog/2009/12/girls-at-panadura-have-awesome-salon.html</link><author>noreply@blogger.com (Nirukshi de Lanerolle)</author><thr:total>0</thr:total></item><item><guid isPermaLink='false'>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3099756255229980167.post-7963885515036223143</guid><pubDate>Tue, 24 Nov 2009 13:46:00 +0000</pubDate><atom:updated>2009-11-24T05:53:49.406-08:00</atom:updated><category domain='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#'>Rachael</category><category domain='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#'>Sri Lanka</category><category domain='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#'>Bead Program</category><category domain='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#'>Panadura</category><title>Former Emerge Participant APIL Helps Emerge Launch in a New Home!</title><atom:summary type='text'>“APIL* Miss!” a student calls for attention. I look over to see APIL beam a smile while confidently explaining a jewelry pattern to one of Emerge’s new students. In July 2007 APIL started as an Emerge program participant at Ma Sevena. In 2008 she left Ma Sevena; two weeks ago she began helping us work with a new generation of Emerge girls at the National Training and Counseling Centre in </atom:summary><link>http://emergeglobal.org/fieldblog/2009/11/former-emerge-participant-apil-helps.html</link><author>noreply@blogger.com (Rachael Pool)</author><thr:total>1</thr:total></item><item><guid isPermaLink='false'>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3099756255229980167.post-4587951172826639945</guid><pubDate>Sun, 22 Nov 2009 12:42:00 +0000</pubDate><atom:updated>2009-11-22T04:45:01.224-08:00</atom:updated><category domain='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#'>Panadura</category><title>How do you start something new?</title><atom:summary type='text'>In our case, we just dive right in!  Last Monday we got the okay from our partners to start workshops in their home, and this Monday we left our first workshop with 25 new Emerge girls and a camera full of smiles.The hard work put in by our entire team in the past few months made for a very successful first week at Panadura.  I’ll let Rachael’s blog post speak for itself about the partnership </atom:summary><link>http://emergeglobal.org/fieldblog/2009/11/how-do-you-start-something-new.html</link><author>noreply@blogger.com (jennifer)</author><thr:total>0</thr:total></item><item><guid isPermaLink='false'>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3099756255229980167.post-4255773662113422360</guid><pubDate>Thu, 29 Oct 2009 05:06:00 +0000</pubDate><atom:updated>2009-10-30T23:03:04.967-07:00</atom:updated><title>The seniors are leaving</title><atom:summary type='text'>&lt;!--[if gte mso 9]&gt;     Normal   0         false   false   false                             MicrosoftInternetExplorer4   &lt;![endif]--&gt;&lt;!--[if gte mso 9]&gt;     &lt;![endif]--&gt; &lt;!--  /* Style Definitions */  p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal 	{mso-style-parent:""; 	margin:0in; 	margin-bottom:.0001pt; 	mso-pagination:widow-orphan; 	font-size:12.0pt; 	font-family:"Times New Roman"; 	</atom:summary><link>http://emergeglobal.org/fieldblog/2009/10/seniors-are-leaving.html</link><author>noreply@blogger.com (Nirukshi de Lanerolle)</author><thr:total>0</thr:total></item><item><guid isPermaLink='false'>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3099756255229980167.post-8607187158171410247</guid><pubDate>Sun, 18 Oct 2009 17:07:00 +0000</pubDate><atom:updated>2009-12-20T19:29:04.555-08:00</atom:updated><title>Emerge Wedding Jewels</title><atom:summary type='text'>I wish you could have seen her face when she was given the assignment. SR,* one of our past program participants, first let out a big grin and then furrowed her brow seriously (though not too seriously) and began to get down to business: “how long should the necklaces be? What is she wearing with the necklace? When does she need the necklace?” SR, having left our program about 9 months ago, was </atom:summary><link>http://emergeglobal.org/fieldblog/2009/10/emerge-wedding-jewels.html</link><author>noreply@blogger.com (Alia)</author><thr:total>1</thr:total></item><item><guid isPermaLink='false'>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3099756255229980167.post-280991362246262384</guid><pubDate>Wed, 30 Sep 2009 07:12:00 +0000</pubDate><atom:updated>2009-09-30T01:26:51.367-07:00</atom:updated><title>Happy Burpday Jen Jen</title><atom:summary type='text'>Jennifer Van Winkle is our new Programme Development Director for Emerge Lanka, it was her birthday last week and along with the usual cake Jen had a better plan, she wanted to teach the girls how to make Macaroni and Cheese American style.We had also planned a fun day for the girls and they showcased their talents with drawings and painting, some of them drew new patterns for our future </atom:summary><link>http://emergeglobal.org/fieldblog/2009/09/happy-burpday-jen-jen.html</link><author>noreply@blogger.com (Nirukshi de Lanerolle)</author><thr:total>1</thr:total></item><item><guid isPermaLink='false'>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3099756255229980167.post-6711979503608048169</guid><pubDate>Fri, 25 Sep 2009 07:09:00 +0000</pubDate><atom:updated>2009-09-25T00:22:08.909-07:00</atom:updated><title>Who wants to work in a garment factory when they grow up?</title><atom:summary type='text'>...apparently our girls do!  While surveying a group of potential participants we found that almost all of the girls were interested in obtaining work in a garment factory. In fact, for many of them it was their number one career choice.  This came as a real shock to me.  In the states, factory work is typically viewed as a form of oppression and exploitation, but after talking with the girls I </atom:summary><link>http://emergeglobal.org/fieldblog/2009/09/who-wants-to-work-in-garment-factory.html</link><author>noreply@blogger.com (jennifer)</author><thr:total>0</thr:total></item><item><guid isPermaLink='false'>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3099756255229980167.post-3454843133568756496</guid><pubDate>Tue, 22 Sep 2009 16:17:00 +0000</pubDate><atom:updated>2009-09-22T09:29:38.788-07:00</atom:updated><category domain='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#'>Emerge</category><category domain='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#'>Sri Lanka</category><category domain='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#'>Prabhani</category><title>Of painting pictures and possibility</title><atom:summary type='text'>This is my first official blog entry as an Emerge programs volunteer and I’d like to introduce myself.  I am a Sri Lankan who grew up in Nigeria and currently a doctoral student at MIT, taking a semester off from school this fall and spending it in my beautiful island home.  I am a biological engineer interested in vaccines, public health, public policy, and probably just about everything else </atom:summary><link>http://emergeglobal.org/fieldblog/2009/09/of-painting-pictures-and-possibility.html</link><author>noreply@blogger.com (Prabhani Atukorale)</author><thr:total>0</thr:total></item></channel></rss>                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      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